What Is a Network Computer (NC)? | phoenixNAP IT Glossary

A network computer (NC) is a low-cost computing device designed to access applications and data hosted on a network, rather than relying on powerful hardware or software on the local machine.

What Is the Meaning of Network Computer?

A network computer is a type of computing device designed to function primarily as a terminal that connects to a network, typically over the internet or a local area network (LAN), to access and run applications and store data remotely. Unlike traditional personal computers, which rely on local hardware and software resources, network computers depend on the processing power and storage capacity provided by a central server or cloud-based infrastructure. This model allows for cost-effective computing, as the devices themselves are often inexpensive and feature limited internal resources, such as minimal memory or processing power.

The central idea behind network computing is to offload most of the computational tasks to the network, which hosts the necessary software and data. This setup enables easier management, as software updates, patches, and security measures can be implemented centrally, reducing the administrative burden on individual devices. Users interact with the network computer through a user interface, which typically includes a web browser or specialized software to access the remote resources.

While NCs may have basic local processing capabilities for simple tasks, their primary function remains reliant on network access for more complex operations. This model is often used in environments where centralized control, scalability, and cost-efficiency are priorities.

Types of Network Computer

Network computers are categorized into various types based on their design, functionality, and how they interact with the network. Here are the main types of network computers, along with explanations of each.

Thin Client

A thin client is a lightweight computing device that relies heavily on a central server for processing power and data storage. It only has enough local resources to manage the user interface and basic input/output operations. The majority of the software applications and data are stored on the server, and the thin client accesses these remotely over the network. Thin clients are commonly used in environments where centralization, ease of maintenance, and cost reduction are priorities, such as in educational institutions and businesses with large user bases.

Zero Client

A zero client is an even more simplified version of a thin client. Unlike thin clients, zero clients have minimal hardware resources and no operating system. They essentially serve as a conduit for connecting to virtualized desktops or applications hosted on a remote server. These devices rely entirely on the network for all processing and storage needs. Zero clients are highly secure and efficient, as they reduce the risk of local data breaches and simplify management since there is no local OS to manage or update.

Hybrid Client

Hybrid clients combine elements of both local and network-based computing. These devices have enough local processing power to handle some tasks, but they also rely on the network for more complex operations and data storage. Hybrid clients are designed for situations where users may need to run both local applications and access centralized resources. For example, a hybrid client might run basic productivity software locally but access more resource-intensive applications or data from a remote server when necessary.

Cloud Client

A cloud client is a type of network computer specifically designed to access cloud-based services and applications. These devices typically rely on internet connectivity to interact with cloud environments, where the majority of computing resources, including applications, storage, and processing power, reside. Cloud clients are designed for environments where users primarily interact with cloud-hosted applications, such as SaaS (Software as a Service) solutions. These clients may vary from thin to zero clients, depending on the level of local processing they support.

Virtual Desktop Client

Virtual desktop clients are network computers designed to access virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI). In a VDI environment, the desktop environment and applications are hosted on a remote server or cloud, while the client device serves as an interface to interact with this environment. Virtual desktop clients are often used in businesses that want to provide users with personalized desktops without the need for powerful local machines. These clients connect to virtual desktop servers, allowing for easy access to customized desktop environments and applications.

Components of a Network Computer

The components of a network computer are designed to facilitate the device's primary role of accessing remote resources through a network. These components work together to enable efficient communication with the central server or cloud infrastructure. Here are the key components of a network computer:

Central processing unit (CPU). The CPU in a network computer is typically less powerful than in traditional personal computers since most of the computational work is offloaded to the server or cloud. The CPU handles basic tasks like user input processing and interacting with the local operating system or software. In low-end devices like thin clients or zero clients, the CPU’s role is minimal, as it mainly manages the interface and network connections.
Memory (RAM). Network computers generally have limited RAM, as they rely on the server for processing and data storage. The local memory is used for running lightweight applications and handling user inputs or temporary data storage. In some cases, the NC might use a minimal amount of RAM to cache frequently accessed data from the network for improved performance, but most memory-intensive operations occur on the server.
Network interface card (NIC). The NIC is crucial for establishing network connections, whether wired or wireless. It allows the network computer to communicate with the central server or cloud infrastructure, where the majority of the processing and data storage occurs. The NIC ensures that the device can access network resources efficiently and enables data transmission between the device and the network.
Display. A display device (such as a monitor) is essential for users to interact with the network computer. It serves as the primary interface for users to view applications, data, and other resources accessed via the network. The quality and size of the display depend on the specific requirements of the NC use case, but most devices support standard resolutions and visual interfaces suited for the tasks at hand.
Input devices. Like traditional computers, network computers typically include input devices such as a keyboard and a mouse, which allow users to interact with the system. These devices facilitate data entry, navigation, and other interactions with the network applications. In some cases, specialized input devices may be used, such as touchscreens or stylus-based systems, depending on the nature of the work or user preference.
Local storage. Network computers usually have very minimal local storage, used primarily for operating system files, configurations, and lightweight applications. This storage may also be used for caching frequently accessed data from the network to enhance performance. In thin clients or zero clients, local storage is often limited to a small amount of flash memory or a simple operating system.
Operating system. The operating system in a network computer is typically lightweight compared to traditional computers, as it only needs to manage basic functions like user interfaces, network connections, and communication with the server. In zero clients, the device may not have a traditional operating system at all, relying entirely on the server or cloud-based platform to provide the necessary computing environment.
Security features. Security is an essential component of network computers, particularly since they often handle sensitive data and rely on network connections for processing. Network computers may have built-in security features like firewalls, secure sockets layer (SSL) encryption, and secure boot processes. These features ensure that communication with the central server is encrypted, protecting data privacy and preventing unauthorized access to network resources.
Power supply. The power supply ensures that the network computer receives the necessary electricity to operate. The type of power supply will depend on the device, ranging from traditional plug-in adapters to more energy-efficient systems used in thin or zero clients.
Remote access software. Network computers often rely on remote access software or virtual desktop protocols (VDPs) to connect to applications and resources hosted on a central server or in the cloud. This software allows the device to interface with remote systems, providing the user with the experience of running applications as if they were local, despite the processing taking place remotely.

How Does a Network Computer Work?

Here’s a breakdown of how a network computer works:

Connection to the network. The first step in the operation of a network computer is the establishment of a network connection. The device uses a network interface card (NIC) to connect to a local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), or the internet, depending on the setup. This connection is essential for accessing the central server, cloud-based systems, or virtualized environments where most of the computing occurs.
Accessing remote resources. Once the NC is connected to the network, it accesses remote resources like software applications, data storage, and computing power. These resources are typically hosted on a central server or a cloud platform. The device does not run the applications or store significant data locally; instead, it sends requests to the server for the necessary resources and relies on the server for execution.
Processing tasks on the server. When the user interacts with the network computer, the device transmits input (like mouse clicks or keyboard inputs) to the remote server. The server then processes the information, runs the necessary applications, and performs any computational tasks required. For example, if the user opens a document or uses a business application, the server performs all the calculations and data manipulations.
Displaying results locally. After processing the user's request, the server sends the results back to the network computer. The device then displays the output to the user on a monitor or screen, using a local display interface. The NC may also update the user interface to reflect changes, such as displaying new information or presenting the outcome of an operation (like a generated report or an updated web page).
Minimizing local resource use. While the network computer may have a small amount of local memory and processing power (for basic operations and interface management), the heavy lifting is done by the remote server. This makes the NC an efficient solution for environments where centralized management and reduced hardware costs are important. Local storage, if present, is often limited to minimal operating system files or cache for frequently accessed data.
Secure and managed access. Many network computers utilize secure remote access protocols or virtual desktop environments to ensure that all data transmitted between the device and the server is encrypted and secure. This prevents unauthorized access and maintains data integrity. Security measures, such as firewalls or two-factor authentication, can also be implemented to protect the user’s connection to the network.
Centralized management and updates. One of the key benefits of network computers is that software updates, maintenance, and data management are handled centrally. Since the NC doesn’t rely heavily on local software, administrators can deploy updates, patches, and security measures across all connected devices from the central server, simplifying system management and reducing the need for individual device maintenance.

Uses of a Network Computer

Network computers are used in various environments where centralized management, cost efficiency, and simplified computing are prioritized. Here are some of the primary uses of network computers:

Thin client computing. NCs are often used in environments where thin client computing is needed. They provide a low-cost alternative to traditional desktop computers by relying on a central server to host applications and store data. This setup is commonly used in businesses, educational institutions, and call centers, where employees need access to software and data without requiring high-performance individual machines.
Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI). In VDI setups, network computers are used to access virtual desktops hosted on remote servers. The NC connects to a virtualized environment, allowing users to have personalized desktop experiences without relying on powerful local machines. This approach is especially popular in corporate environments where centralized control and security are critical.
Cloud computing. NCs are commonly used to access cloud-based services and applications. Instead of running software locally, a network computer acts as a terminal to connect to cloud platforms where the processing, storage, and applications reside. This is beneficial for organizations that utilize Software as a Service (SaaS) or Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) models, providing users with access to cloud-hosted resources without the need for local storage or processing power.
Remote access to applications. Network computers are used in scenarios where users need to access specialized applications hosted remotely. For example, employees in remote offices, mobile workers, or contractors can use NCs to connect to a central server and access critical software applications and data. This is often employed in industries like healthcare, finance, and legal services, where sensitive data must be securely accessed from multiple locations.
Education and training centers. Educational institutions often deploy network computers in classrooms and computer labs, where the devices are primarily used to access educational software, online courses, and multimedia content hosted on a central server. NCs help reduce the need for maintaining high-cost machines for every student, allowing for efficient resource allocation and easier updates to educational content.
Public kiosks and information terminals. Network computers are ideal for public kiosks and information terminals, where users need to interact with a remote server for accessing specific services, databases, or information. For example, NCs are used in libraries, airports, and museums for public access to informational databases, ticketing systems, or other interactive services. The centralized management of these devices allows for consistent updates and minimal maintenance.
Business and enterprise environments. In many business settings, network computers are employed to streamline operations by providing workers with access to central resources, such as customer relationship management (CRM) software, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, and internal databases. NCs allow organizations to ensure that their workforce is consistently using the latest versions of applications and data, reducing the risk of errors or inconsistencies caused by outdated software.
Healthcare systems. In healthcare, network computers are used to provide healthcare professionals with secure, remote access to patient records and medical software hosted on centralized servers. This ensures that sensitive medical data is managed centrally and is only accessible to authorized personnel, promoting better data security and compliance with healthcare regulations.
Point-of-sale (POS) systems. Network computers can be used in retail environments for point-of-sale (POS) systems, where transactions are processed remotely on a central server. This setup allows for easier management of inventory, sales data, and customer information. Retailers can also update POS systems across all locations simultaneously, ensuring consistency and accuracy.
Collaborative work environments. In collaborative work environments, network computers enable employees to access shared files, collaboration tools, and applications hosted on central servers. This setup is common in industries where teams need to collaborate on documents, projects, or customer data, such as marketing agencies, research teams, or design firms.

How to Connect a Network Computer?

To connect a network computer, you first need to ensure it is equipped with a network interface card that supports either wired or wireless connectivity. Once the device is powered on, it should be connected to a local area network (LAN) or the internet through an Ethernet cable or Wi-Fi, depending on the setup.

After the connection is established, the NC can access the central server or cloud infrastructure where applications, data, and processing resources are hosted. The connection may require authentication, such as a username and password, or additional security protocols like a virtual private network (VPN) for remote access. Once connected, the NC will communicate with the network, retrieving the necessary resources to perform tasks.

What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Network Computers?

This section explores the key advantages and disadvantages of network computers, highlighting their cost-efficiency, centralized management, and scalability, alongside potential limitations such as dependency on network connectivity and limited local resources.

Advantages of Network Computers

Network computers offer several benefits, making them an appealing option for businesses and organizations looking for cost-effective and scalable computing solutions. Below are some of the key advantages of network computers:

Cost efficiency. Network computers are typically much cheaper than traditional desktop computers because they have minimal local hardware requirements. Since most processing and storage are handled on central servers, the devices themselves require fewer resources, reducing initial costs and ongoing maintenance expenses.
Centralized management. With network computers, all software, updates, and data are stored and managed centrally on the server. This simplifies administrative tasks, such as software deployment, security updates, and data backups, as everything can be handled from a single point, reducing IT overhead.
Improved security. Since data is stored and processed on central servers rather than on individual devices, network computers reduce the risk of data loss or theft. Security measures such as encryption, centralized authentication, and regular backups can be more easily implemented, providing a higher level of security compared to traditional computing setups.
Scalability. Network computers make it easier to scale operations. As user demand grows, additional devices can be easily added to the network without requiring substantial changes to the infrastructure. Centralized management also allows for quick deployment of new users and resources, enabling organizations to scale efficiently.
Easy maintenance and updates. Network computers require minimal maintenance since the local devices are simplified. Software updates, patches, and security measures can be applied centrally, ensuring that all devices are up to date without requiring manual intervention on each individual machine.
Energy efficiency. Because network computers are less resource-intensive, they tend to consume less power compared to traditional desktop computers. This energy efficiency not only helps lower electricity costs but also reduces the environmental impact of maintaining large fleets of computers.
Remote access. Users can access applications and data stored on the central server or in the cloud from any location, making network computers ideal for remote work environments. This flexibility enhances productivity and supports a mobile workforce.

Disadvantages of Network Computers

While network computers offer several benefits, such as cost savings and simplified management, they also come with some disadvantages that need to be considered. These drawbacks primarily stem from their reliance on network connectivity and centralized infrastructure. Here are the main disadvantages of Network computers:

Dependence on network connectivity. Network computers rely heavily on network access to perform tasks. If the network experiences downtime, slow speeds, or connectivity issues, the NC becomes unusable or significantly less effective. This can lead to interruptions in work, particularly in environments that require continuous access to remote resources.
Limited local processing power. Since network computers are designed to offload most processing tasks to a central server or cloud infrastructure, they typically have minimal local processing capabilities. This limits their ability to perform resource-intensive tasks independently, making them unsuitable for applications that require high computational power or offline functionality.
Potential for network congestion. The performance of a network computer is directly tied to the network’s capacity. In environments with heavy traffic or network congestion, the response times of the NC can degrade, affecting user experience. Businesses with large numbers of NCs accessing the same server can face slowdowns if the network is not properly optimized.
Security risks. Since network computers access remote servers or cloud systems, they can be vulnerable to cyber threats if not properly secured. If the central server or network is compromised, it could put all connected NCs at risk, especially in environments where sensitive data is accessed or processed. Additional security measures like encryption, firewalls, and authentication are needed to mitigate these risks.
Limited customization. Because network computers depend on central servers for applications and software, they offer limited customization options compared to traditional PCs. Users may have less flexibility in installing or modifying software, and certain applications might not be compatible with the network infrastructure, leading to potential restrictions on functionality.
Server dependency. The performance of a network computer is only as good as the server it connects to. If the server experiences issues, such as overloading or downtime, it can directly affect the functionality of all connected NCs. This dependency on a central server can be a significant disadvantage if the server is not properly maintained or if it becomes unavailable for any reason.
Initial setup costs. While network computers can save money on hardware and maintenance over time, the initial investment in setting up a centralized server or cloud infrastructure can be significant. The organization needs to ensure that the network is capable of handling the demands of multiple NCs, which can require specialized equipment, software, and expertise.