Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) is a type of integrated circuit memory that uses bistable latching circuitry to store bits. It is called static because it can maintain the binary state of the circuit indefinitely. The state persists until it is modified by a new write operation or as long as power is supplied to the system.
Unlike dynamic RAM (DRAM), SRAM does not require periodic refreshes, which results in faster access times and lower power consumption. However, these advantages come with higher production costs and the need for more physical space per bit stored.
While not used as main system memory due to its cost and low density, SRAM's speed and efficiency make it particularly useful in processor cache memories. SRAM is integrated into various components of computing and electronic devices, including the cache memory of CPUs in both computers and smartphones, where rapid data retrieval is crucial.